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... energy demand and supporting various industries. Organization of reliable project finance schemes and attraction of large investment loans, including loans issued by private investors, are important tasks for companies planning the construction of a new refinery . The cost of constructing an oil refinery can vary based on several factors, including the capacity, engineering complexity, location, refining technology used, regulatory requirements, and market conditions. Due to the very large differences ...

... instruments to finance new projects, including loans from private investors. Oil refineries are critical infrastructures that play a vital role in producing gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and other refined petroleum products. The construction of an oil refinery is a complex and extensive process that requires advanced technology, skilled labor, and significant financial resources . Advanced project finance tools, loans from private investment funds , leasing and other financial mechanisms help to attract ...

... numerous impurities and by-products, which requires efficient sulfur and coke handling systems for refineries. Separation of impurities along with the production of valuable by-products such as petroleum coke and sulfur are an integral part of any refinery project . Financing construction and modernization of advanced coke and sulfur handling systems at refineries helps companies minimize environmental risks, as well as increase refinery efficiency and reduce operating costs . Crude oil always ...

ESFC provides project finance for the construction of refineries and offers long-term loans for the modernization of refinery equipment. In order to obtain financial resources for the development of oil production, transportation and refining, it is extremely important for management to understand the principles of the capital market, financial mechanisms and available ...

... Poland's energy independence from the Soviet Union was initiated by Gierek. In early May 1971, a decision was made to conclude a contract for a decade of Western oil supplies with British Petroleum. This happened before the construction of the Gdansk oil refinery . The construction of Naftoport began a year later, and in 1975 an oil infrastructure was launched in Gdansk for supplies from the USSR. At the same time, six Polish tankers were being built, which were supposed to meet the needs of Poland in ...